Similarities and differences in gut microbiome composition correlate with dietary patterns of Indian and Chinese adults

Abhishek Jain,Wei Ning Chen,Xin Hui Li

doi:10.1186/s13568-018-0632-1

Abhishek Jain, Wei Ning Chen + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-018-0632-1

Copy DOI

Journal: AMB Express	Publication Date: Jun 23, 2018
Citations: 59	License type: open-access

Affiliation: Nanyang Technological University

Abstract

The interaction between diet and gut microbiota, and ultimately their link to health, has turned into the concentration of huge research. However, this relationship still needs to be fully characterized, particularly in case of the Asian population. We compared the fecal bacterial diversity and composition of healthy Indian and Chinese adults, ages 22–35 years, using next-generation sequencing analysis on IlluminaHiSeq 2500 platform. Our analysis revealed unique community structure, dominant Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and underrepresented Bacteroides, of Indian and Chinese gut bacteria. This community structure closely matched with the gut bacterial composition of the Russian population. Therefore, we hypothesized that enrichment of these bacterial clades is supported by high consumption of starch-rich diet such as rice, potato, refined grains. The dominance of genus Bifidobacterium due to carbohydrate-rich diet is another notable feature of this study. Moreover, Indian gut bacteria are significantly represented by Bacteroidetes (p = 0.001) and Prevotella (p = 0.002) in contrast to Chinese, which could be associated with whole grains and plant-based vegetarian diet of Indians. The gut bacterial population of Indian adults were as diverse as Chinese adults (p > 0.1), but significant difference was noticed in gut bacterial composition and relative abundance between two populations (R = 0.625, p < 0.005). Partial least squares discriminant analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling plots showed dietary habit wise clustering of subjects. Thus, the present work confirms an important role of diet in determining gut bacterial composition. LEfse analysis revealed genera Prevotella, Megasphaera, Catenibacterium, Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus and species Prevotella copri, Lactobacillus ruminis as the potential biomarkers of diet.

Highlights

The human gut is a host of trillions of bacteria
The four major bacterial phyla detected were Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, in agreement with previous studies reporting these phyla contributed to the majority of human gut bacteria (Bäckhed et al 2005; Qin et al 2010)
The unique community structure, dominated by Firmicutes and Actinobacteria and underrepresented Bacteroides, of Indian and Chinese gut bacteria closely matches with the gut bacterial composition of eastern Russia and rural regions consuming starch-rich diet (Tyakht et al 2013)

Summary

Introduction

The human gut is a host of trillions of bacteria. The entire gut microbiota is estimated to contain 150-fold more genes than our host genome (Vacharaksa and Finlay 2010). Tremendous progress has been made in linking human gut microbiota with health and disease (Imhann et al 2018; Qin et al 2012; Zhao 2013). Imbalance in normal gut microbiota has been associated with inflammatory and metabolic disorders including inflammatory bowel disease (Frank et al 2007), irritable bowel. Changes in gut microbiota reported in experimental animals fed a high fat diet that induces obesity (Lecomte et al 2015; Mullin 2010; Murphy et al 2010). Controlled diets consist of non-digestible carbohydrates gave to overweight men actuate remarkable changes in certain dominant species, the responses vary among subjects (Walker et al 2011)

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion