Abstract
The kinetics of oxidation of atropine drug (ATR) by cerium(IV) in aqueous perchlorate solutions in the presence of silver(I) catalyst has been studied spectrophotometrically at a constant ionic strength and temperature. The reaction showed first order dependence with respect to each [Ce(IV)] and [Ag(I)], and less than unit order kinetics with respect to [ATR]. The reaction exhibited negative fractional-first order kinetics with respect to [H+]. Increasing ionic strength and dielectric constant of the medium increased the reaction rate. In the present work, the kinetically active species of cerium(IV) was found to be Ce(OH)3+. Addition of Ce(III) product had no significant effect on the oxidation rate. The oxidation products of atropine were identified by spectral and chemical analyses as tropine, benzaldehyde, methanol and carbon dioxide. A plausible mechanistic scheme for the catalyzed oxidation was proposed. The activation parameters of the second order rate constant were calculated and the rate law associated with the reaction mechanism was derived.
Highlights
Atropine (ATR) or tropine alkaloid, is an anticholinergic drug which contains two cyclic structures joined by an ester linkage [1]
Atropine is considered as a core medicine in the World Health Organization (WHO), which is a list of minimum medical needs for a main health care system
Reaction mixtures containing various amounts of Ce(IV) and atropine at constant [H+], ionic strength, [Ag(I)] and temperature were allowed to react for 24 h in closed vessels for completion of the oxidation reaction
Summary
Atropine (ATR) or tropine alkaloid, is an anticholinergic drug which contains two cyclic structures (alicyclic nitrogencontaining alcohol tropine and aromatic tropic acid) joined by an ester linkage [1]. It occurs naturally in plants in the nightshade family including deadly nightshade, Jimson weed and mandrake [2]. Atropine is considered as a core medicine in the World Health Organization (WHO), which is a list of minimum medical needs for a main health care system It is a competitive antagonist for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. The oxidizing potentialities of cerium(IV) in sulfuric acid medium were conclusively established [10, 11]. Oxidations of various substrates by Ce (IV) are found to follow different mechanisms, depending on the acid medium used
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