Silver Nanoplates for Colorimetric Determination of Xanthine in Human Plasma and in Fish Meat via Etching/Aggregation/Fusion Steps.

Hung-Cheng Hsu,Hsiang-Tzu Lee,Wei-Chen Liu,Pei-Wen Liao,Mei-Lin Ho

doi:10.3390/s20205739

Abstract

Silver nanoplates (AgP) were prepared and used in a colorimetric method for the evaluation of Xanthine (Xan) in blood plasma and fish meat. The detection mechanism for Xan was observed to occur via etching of AgP particles/aggregation/fusion steps, resulting in a color change from blue to grey. First, the basic Xan solution is adsorbed through partial substitution of capping molecules around the AgP with Xan, and then intermolecular hydrogen bonds form between AgP and AgP. Subsequently, the titrant Xan solution further etches the AgP and finally fuses particles together. Owing to the step by step mechanism, the response range towards Xan has two linear regression ranges: 0.15–0.60 μM and 0.61–3.00 μM, respectively. The detection limit in the range of 0.15–0.60 μM is 0.011 μM (S/N = 3). AgP exhibits good selectivity for Xan over other potential interferents such as amino acids and blood proteins. AgP achieves rapid detection of Xan and can be applied to the satisfactory determination of Xan in blood plasma and fish meat. This colorimetric sensor is easy to use, cost effective, fast, selective and user friendly.

Highlights

The quantitative determination of Xanthine (Xan) is important in the food industry and in clinical diagnosis [1]
We propose a simple, non-enzymatic and rapid colorimetric method for Xan detection in plasma and fish meat based on silver nanoplates alone
We proposed an enzyme-free, low-cost, rapid response and colorimetric method to detect Xanthine (Xan) in fish meat after post-mortem storage and in human plasma

Summary

Introduction

The quantitative determination of Xanthine (Xan) is important in the food industry and in clinical diagnosis [1]. After fish die, the supply of oxygen to the muscle tissue ceases due to the interrupted blood circulation, and anaerobic glycolysis remains the main way to produce energy (ATP) [2]. This energy demand exceeds the energy supply. Xan is one the major metabolites in ATP degradation and increases during storage. Xue et al reported a fluorescence quenching method using ZnO nanomaterials to monitor Xan evolution in grass carp after post-mortem storage [5]

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Conclusion