Silk industry waste protein: isolation, purification and fabrication of electrospun silk protein nanofibers as a possible nanocarrier for floating drug delivery

Abstract

Amongst assorted regio-selective and targeted oral drug delivery strategies accepted for the gastro-retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS), the floating drug delivery system (FDDS) holds a major share as clinically accepted formulations. The major objective of the present investigation was to explore the silk industry waste protein, silk fibroin (SF) as a possible electrospun nanocarrier for the FDDS. In a nutshell, electrospinning (ES) is one of the flexible and astonishing strategies for the fabrication of porous electrospun nanofibers (NFs), which offers the potential to amend the floating profile, dissolution rate, solubility, and release patterns of the drug, etc as per compendial requirements. Looking at the prospects of floating SF-NFs preparation, we have isolated and lyophilized the SF from industrial waste cocoons and prepared drug-loaded SF single polymer nanofibers (SPN). Lafutidine (LF) being a good candidate for GRDDS selected as a model drug, which is an excellent proton pump inhibitor, mainly used in the treatment of gastric ulcers. Finally, the obtained LF loaded SF-NFs (LF-SF-NFs) were successfully analyzed for physicochemical characteristics, porosity, swelling index, antioxidant activity, mucoadhesion strength, floating properties, enzymatic degradation, and accelerated stability study, etc. Further, these LF-SF-NFs were evaluated for percent drug content, weight variation, in-vitro dissolution in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid (HCl, pH:1.2) and fasted state simulated gastric fluid (FSSGF), and accelerated stability study. It has shown significant floating time >18 h, about 99% ± 0.58% floating buoyancy with sustained release up to 24 h. LF-SF-NFs showed good compatibility, entrapment efficiency, antioxidant activity, mucoadhesion strength, enzymatic degradation, and long term stability. Soon, the essential floating and drug release profiles can claim single polymer (SF) based electrospun protein NFs as a possible novel oral nanocarrier for FDDS.