Silicon/Carbon Composites as Anode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries

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A silicon/carbon composite has been synthesized by two poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) pyrolysis reactions, combined with an intervening high-energy mechanical milling (HEMM) step. As lithium storage host, the composite demonstrates high initial coulombic efficiency of 82% and a large capacity at ca. 900 mAh g - 1 over 40 cycles. Controlling Li-insertion level at 600 mAh g - 1 can greatly extend the cycles to over 100. Another composite prepared by ballmilling a mixture of graphite and silicon and followed by a PVC pyrolysis process also shows both good capacity and capacity retention.