Abstract
This study investigates the Sikh community in Belgium, emphasizing their endeavors to achieve a balance between integration and assimilation while maintaining their cultural and religious identity. Employing a case study methodology, it analyzes how the Sikh diaspora interacts with Belgian norms and institutions through the lenses of assimilation, multiculturalism, and transnationalism. The research identifies various challenges, including the preservation of identity, experiences of discrimination, and the effects of Belgium’s integration policies on the community. Since the 1970s, around 10,000 Sikhs from India have established themselves in Belgium, initially encountering limited opportunities, with many engaged in labor, military, and agricultural work. Over the years, the second and third generations have transitioned towards business and social integration. Nevertheless, the community continues to experience political marginalization and remains distanced from the Khalistan movement due to its limited political clout. While certain groups, such as the Sikh Youth of Belgium and Babbar Khalsa International (BKI), persist in advocating for Khalistan, their influence is relatively minor. Grounded in diaspora theory and aided by the interviews, this research provides significant insights into immigrant integration, cultural preservation, and the intricate dynamics between assimilation and multicultural coexistence within the Belgian framework.
Published Version
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