Abstract
In order to achieve high quality electrical materials for cable terminations, the crosslinked ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) materials, with adequate breakdown strength, appropriately increased conductivity and are developed by employing auxiliary crosslinker and ultraviolet (UV) photoinitiated crosslinking technique. The characteristic cyclic anhydrides with coupled carbonyl groups are utilized as auxiliary crosslinkers to promote crosslinking efficiency and provide polar-groups to EPDM molecules in UV-initiated crosslinking processes, which can be effectively fulfilled in industrial cable production. The results of infrared spectroscopy show that the auxiliary crosslinkers have been successfully grated to EPDM molecules through UV initiation process. The conductivity of EPDM increases after individually utilizing three auxiliary crosslinkers to EPDM at various temperatures of cable operations, by which the highest conductivity has been acquired by grafting N.N-m-phenylene dimaleimide. The first-principles calculations demonstrate that some occupied local electronic-states have been introduced in the band-gap of the EPDM crosslinked by N.N-m-phenylene dimaleimide (EPDM-HAV2), which can be thermally excited from valence band to conduction band at lower temperature or in higher density, leading to augmentation in electrical conductivity. Meanwhile, the breakdown strength achieves a significant improvement in consistency with the theoretical estimation that deeper hole-traps can be introduced by auxiliary-crosslinking modification, and will consequently increase breakdown strength through the trapping mechanism of space charge suppression. in relation to the appropriately increased conductivity, in combination with persistent breakdown strength, the finite element simulations of the electric field distribution in EPDM cable terminations suggest that the effectively homogenized electric field at the root of stress cone will be realized for EPDM-HAV2. The present study offers a fundamental strategy to ameliorate EPDM materials in the application of insulated cable accessories.
Highlights
Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) is a representative terpolymer being copolymerized by ethylene, propylene, and non-conjugated diolefine
The breakdown strength achieves a significant improvement in consistency with the theoretical estimation that deeper hole-traps can be introduced by auxiliary-crosslinking modification, and will increase breakdown strength through the trapping mechanism of space charge suppression. in relation to the appropriately increased conductivity, in combination with persistent breakdown strength, the finite element simulations of the electric field distribution in ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) cable terminations suggest that the effectively homogenized electric field at the root of stress cone will be realized for EPDM-HAV2
In order to verify whether the auxiliary crosslinkers are grafted onto EPDM molecular chains through UV-initiated crosslinking reactions, the molecular structures of prepared homologous composites and crosslinked EPDM are characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy (FT/IR-6100, Jiasco Trading Co., Ltd., Shenyang, China) in the spectral range of 500–4000 cm−1 with the scanning resolution of 2 cm−1
Summary
Ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) is a representative terpolymer being copolymerized by ethylene, propylene, and non-conjugated diolefine. In order to obtain nonlinear composites, the high content of non-linear nanofillers to achieve nonlinear conductivity will cause the deterioration of mechanical properties and breakdown strength These drawbacks and difficulties in developing cable accessories by nanodielectrics technology make it almost impossible to be fulfilled in practical industrial productions. In order to fulfill the prospective molecular modification of polymer insulation materials, a new tactical scheme of initiating crosslinking reactions of the EPDM and the auxiliary crosslinking agents with polar-group by ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is employed. This results in the crosslinked EPDM, with preferable dielectric properties, to be utilized in industrial productions of cable terminations. The electric field distributions in cable terminations are constructed with modified crosslinked EPDM, and are investigated by finite element numerical simulations
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