Abstract
The comparable free energy between antiferroelectric (AFE) and ferroelectric (FE) phases in NaNbO3 (NN) leads to unstable ferroelectricity, restricting future applications for energy storage devices. In this work, lead-free NN ceramics based on different sintering aids have been rigorously synthesized and the microstructural, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties of this system have been thoroughly examined. It is found that a tiny amount of sintering aids effectively lowers the sintering temperature and manipulates the grain growth, as well as plays an essential role in the stability of FE phase in NN ceramics. The tunable ferroelectricity is observed in NN: CuO as sintering aids results in a hardening effect, whereas MnO2 addition promotes softening behavior. More interestingly, introducing 1 wt% MnO2 as sintering aids results in strong ferroelectricity with high polarization (Pm) of 84.6 μC/cm2 stabilized by a stimulated electric field (Ef) as low as 60 kV/cm. This is significantly better than other NN-based ceramics (Pm is smaller than 40 μC/cm2 and Ef is higher than 90 kV/cm in the NN-based systems reported earlier). Our findings demonstrate the potential of sintering aids in tailoring the ferroelectric performance of lead-free NN ceramics, offering insights into the development of environmentally friendly ferroelectric materials.
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