Significance of the Interrelations of Cardiovascular Diseases with Anaerobic Bacteria of Subgingival Biofilm

Abstract

Objective: The study of subgingival biofilm composition in patients with ischemic heart disease and concomitant periodontitis. Study design: For the study, 45 patients with moderate chronic periodontitis were examined. They were divided into three groups. Group 1 included 15 patients with acute myocardial infarction, Group 2–15 included patients with exertional angina (pectoris) and Group 3–15 included patients without cardiovascular diseases. Dental and cardiological health condition was determined, a biochemical blood test was conducted, brachial artery endothelium-dependent vasodilation was measured, and periodontopathogenic bacteria DNA in subgingival biofilm was detected. Results: Frequency of P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and A. actinomycetemcomitans detection in Group 1 was significantly higher than in Group 3. In patients of Group 1 and Group 2 subgingival biofilm contained P. gingivalis two times more often (p = 0.027), while P. intermedia – four times less often (p = 0.006) than in Group 3. Presence of P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans was related to periodontal destruction level. Brachial artery endothelium-dependent vasodilation moderately correlated with patient’s cardiological condition (r = 0.3284), biochemical markers of atherosclerosis (r = 0.6465), and frequency of P. intermedia detection in periodontal pockets (r = 0.3828). Values of brachial artery endothelium-dependent vasodilation in Group 1 and Group 2 were statistically significantly lower than in Group 3 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: A reliable relationship between parodontopathogenic bacteria colonization and development of acute myocardial infarction was established. In all patients with chronic periodontitis, endothelial dysfunction was observed, but brachial artery endothelium-dependent vasodilation was significantly lower in patients with concomitant cardiovascular diseases, which could be used for pathology prognosis