Abstract
Backgroud:In the microenvironment of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1 (HIF-1) is a very important chemical mediator in the microenvironment of OSCC through which cells respond to hypoxia. LOXL-2 participates in ECM remodelling, and also in regulating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, epithelial cell polarity and differentiation. Aim/material and methods:The present study was conducted on 90 histopathologically proven cases of OSCC to ascertain the role of HIF-1α and LOXL-2 in OSCC. Immunoexpression of both HIF-1α and LOXL-2 was analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively and compared with tumor stage, nodal stage, clinical stage, and histological grade. Results:Tumor stages and nodal stages had significant correlation with HIF-1α expression and localization of LOXL-2 immunoexpression respectively. Conclusion:This is probably the first study to analyze LOXL-2 localization in OSCC. Alteration in the immunoexpression of LOXL-2 from nuclear to cytoplasmic and HIF-1α immunoexpression might be an important factor in progression of OSCC.
Highlights
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) represents 30% of head and neck carcinoma and is the fifth most common carcinoma in males and the eighth most common carcinoma in females worldwide (Harris, 2002)
Backgroud: In the microenvironment of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC), Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1 (HIF-1) is a very important chemical mediator in the microenvironment of OSCC through which cells respond to hypoxia
HIF-1α leads to increased expression of angiogenic markers, which are important for successful growth, invasion, and metastasis of a tumor (Emon et al, 2018)
Summary
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) represents 30% of head and neck carcinoma and is the fifth most common carcinoma in males and the eighth most common carcinoma in females worldwide (Harris, 2002). The OSCC microenvironment consists of tumor cells, different stromal cells, and the extracellular matrix (ECM) (Emon et al, 2018). Hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment results because of high energy and oxygen consumption. Hypoxia-inducible transcription factor 1 (HIF-1) is a very important chemical mediator through which cells respond to hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment (Harris, 2002). HIF-1α leads to increased expression of angiogenic markers, which are important for successful growth, invasion, and metastasis of a tumor (Emon et al, 2018). Oral cancer cells respond to hypoxia very strongly, and lead to increased VEGF expression and protein synthesis as an autocrine growth factor leading to increased angiogenesis and tumor growth (Shang et al, 2006)
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