Abstract
RESUMO Objetivo: compreender os significados das experiências corporais de pessoas em tratamento para tuberculose pulmonar. Método: pesquisa qualitativa, realizada no município de Pelotas, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Utilizou-se o referencial teórico da Antropologia em Saúde de Byron Good. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com dez pessoas na segunda fase de tratamento para a tuberculose, em seus domicílios, entre abril e maio de 2015. Para a análise dos dados empregou-se a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo Temática. Resultados: apreenderam-se duas categorias: O corpo sinalizador da doença que se revela na presença de sintomas (febre, emagrecimento, fraqueza) e O corpo doente que manifesta sofrimento, temor, estigma e afastamento. Conclusão: a presença da tuberculose no corpo é capaz de gerar apreensão, rompimento das atividades de lazer e trabalho, afastamento do convívio familiar e social. É essencial desenvolver um olhar para o cuidado, compreender as necessidades singulares de quem vive o adoecimento, valorizar a sua história de vida e a sua subjetividade.
Highlights
The persistence of tuberculosis as an emergency public health problem in developing countries, with emphasis on Brazil, makes it a disease feared by its contagion risk and by the strong stigma that generates suffering in the family, in addition to the risk of becoming ill in the community and its burden on the health system.[1]
The problem of tuberculosis is due to the fact that this is a disease that should be under control, its relationship with precarious social conditions makes it a difficult health problem to be solved.[2]
The findings of this study indicate that the participants manifested a variety of meanings attributed to the illness experiences, and that the sick body signaled several symptoms, as well as the breakdown of social relations and distancing
Summary
The persistence of tuberculosis as an emergency public health problem in developing countries, with emphasis on Brazil, makes it a disease feared by its contagion risk and by the strong stigma that generates suffering in the family, in addition to the risk of becoming ill in the community and its burden on the health system.[1]. To advance in the disease control, the commitment of the society and its government is necessary; this commitment must be based on a joint action, seeking to eradicate the misery, hunger, and the bad housing conditions of poor people.[3] Somehow, it is essential to consider the individual and subjective dimension in order to understand the illness and its impact on people’s lives, families, health services, and society. Health policies and actions based on this perspective tend to impact the detection and the cure of the disease.[2]. In this sense, studies that make it possible to know, understand and interpret the meanings of the individual experience in tuberculosis are relevant. From the personal experiences arise the meanings of the sick body, consequence of a subjective reality for those who live with the illness
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