Abstract
Etroplus suratensis is one of the most important indigenous Cichlids of the Indian subcontinent exhibiting restricted distribution in the estuaries of peninsular India and Sri Lanka. Coastal pollution and climate change contribute to the deterioration of their habitats. Etroplus suratensis is widely distributed along estuaries and brackishwater lakes of India which make them ideal candidates for investigations on adaptation and selection on mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation (OXPHOS) genes. We investigated the selection patterns in the OXPHOS system of E. suratensis by comparing OXPHOS genes of 105 fishes collected from different eco-regions in India. Signals of positive and diversifying selection observed in the mitogenomes were correlated with habitat characteristics. Habitat specific mutational signals observed have adaptive significance as the populations of the study represented humid tropical climatic zones constituting rainforests in the southwest, semi-arid zones in the southeast and humid subtropical zones in the northeast regions of India. Adaptation to these environmentally heterogeneous habitats generates genotypic and phenotypic variants with specific metabolic or bioenergetic requirements. The observed adaptive mitogenome evolution may be the imprints of this geographic variability, genetic drift and selective forces imparted by the distinctive ecoregions which form their habitats.
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