Abstract
BackgroundGambling-related harm is an increasing recognised problem internationally. Recent years have seen an explosion in opportunities to gamble, both in person and online. Health and other care settings have the potential to act as screening sites to identify and support gamblers who may be at high risk of experiencing gambling-related harm. This study aimed to identify interventions to screen for risk of gambling-related harm in the general population which may be delivered in health, care and support settings.MethodsSystematic review. Searches of key databases and grey sources since 2012 were undertaken in October 2019. Electronic database searches generated a total of 5826 unique hits. Nine studies published 2013–2019, along with thirteen grey literature documents met our eligibility criteria. The criteria were setting (health, care and support settings), participants (any attendee in help, care and support settings), interventions (screening to identify risk of harm from gambling behaviours) and outcome measures (gambling behaviours, service use).ResultsThree papers evaluating screening interventions delivered in general practice (repeat visits and written advice), mental health service (the use of screening tools to identify risk of harm), and substance abuse treatment (intensive outpatient treatment for substance use disorders or methadone maintenance) indicated evidence of potential effectiveness. Six papers supported the feasibility and acceptability of delivering interventions in various settings. Grey literature reports described the implementation of interventions such as training materials, and transfer of interventions developed for substance abuse populations by practitioners.ConclusionsHealth, care and support services offer potentially important contexts in which to identify and offer support to people who are at risk of gambling related harm. Screening interventions appear feasible and acceptable in a range of community and healthcare settings for those at risk of gambling harm. Evaluation of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening in these populations should therefore be prioritised.
Highlights
Gambling-related harm is an increasing recognised problem internationally
Serious harms including crime [22], intimate partner violence [12], and suicide [49] have been linked to gambling behaviours, with one notable Swedish study reporting that suicide rates in those with a diagnosed gambling disorder increased by around 15 times that of the general population [27]
The grey literature searches were informed by the initial database searches and involved searching for a specific type of intervention ‘screening brief intervention and referral to treatment’ to find evidence of this approach used with people addicted to gambling
Summary
Gambling-related harm is an increasing recognised problem internationally. Health and other care settings have the potential to act as screening sites to identify and support gamblers who may be at high risk of experiencing gambling-related harm. This study aimed to identify interventions to screen for risk of gambling-related harm in the general population which may be delivered in health, care and support settings. Gambling is a widespread social and commercial activity, which generates substantial profits and tax revenue internationally; but can lead to addiction and harm. More needs to be done to protect and support individuals at risk of the wide range of harms related to gambling activity [28]
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