Abstract
Simple SummaryThe objective of this study was to evaluate short-term variations of trans fatty acids (TFA) in plasma lipoproteins and ruminal fermentation parameters of non-lactating cows subjected to ruminal pulses of vegetable oils. Over three-day periods, three non-lactating, non-pregnant Holstein cows received ruminal pulses of soybean oil, partially hydrogenated vegetable oil and a control with no added oil. In summary, results showed that for both oil treatments there was an accumulation of several C18:1 TFA in plasma and lipoproteins, especially on the third day of pulsing. Each C18:1 TFA responded differently to treatments over time.The objective of this study was to evaluate short-term variations of trans fatty acids (TFA) in plasma lipoproteins and ruminal fermentation parameters of non-lactating cows subjected to ruminal pulses of vegetable oils. Three non-lactating, non-pregnant Holstein cows, each with a ruminal cannula, were arranged in a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three-day pulsing periods and four-day washout intervals between treatments. Cows were treated with single ruminal pulses of: (1) control (skimmed milk (SM); 500 mL); (2) soybean oil (SO; 250 g/d in 500 mL of SM) and (3) partially-hydrogenated vegetable oil (PHVO; 250 g/d in 500 mL of SM). Time changes after infusion in TFA contents were only observed for plasma C18:1 trans-4, trans-5 and trans-12, and high-density lipoprotein fraction C18:1 trans-9. After ruminal pulses, concentration of acetate decreased linearly; molar concentrations of propionate and valerate increased linearly; molar concentrations of butyrate and isovalerate changed quadratically and were greater at 1 h than at other times. There was an accumulation of several C18:1 TFA in plasma and lipoproteins, especially on the third day of pulsing. Overall, naturally occurring C18:1 TFA isomers (produced during ruminal biohydrogenation of SO) and preformed TFA (supplied by PHVO) elicited differential TFA partitioning and transport in plasma and lipoproteins.
Highlights
The objective of this study was to evaluate the short-term variations of C18:1 trans fatty acids (TFA) in plasma lipoproteins and ruminal fermentation parameters of cows subjected to ruminal pulses of vegetable oils
The most abundant fatty acids (FA) in dietary oils were the following: soybean oil (SO) contained (g/100 g of total FA) 22 of C18:1 cis-9 and 53 of C18:2 cis-9, 12; Partially hydrogenated vegetable oils (PHVO) contained (g/100 g of total FA) 8 of C16:0 and 8 of C18:0
The PHVO emulsion contained a high proportion (~50 g/100 g) of TFA covering the range of C18:1 trans positional isomers from trans-4 to trans-12
Summary
Trans fatty acids (TFA) are produced naturally during biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA) in the rumen and are incorporated into milk fat [1]. TFA in ruminant fat is vaccenic acid (C18:1 trans-11), accounting for 60% to 80% of total. TFA, other TFA (e.g., C18:1 trans-10) occur when high-fat or high-concentrate diets are fed to ruminants. Hydrogenated vegetable oils (PHVO) contain a mixture of C18:1 trans isomers [2] and their proportions vary depending on the source of vegetable oil. PHVO from industrial origin contain up to 50% TFA, mainly C18:1 trans-9 and
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