Abstract
Stability analysis of tokamaks based on a fully kinetic, electromagnetic integral equation code indicates the existence of a temperature gradient driven instability in the short wavelength regime (k⊥ρi)2>1. The mode propagates in the ion diamagnetic direction (ion mode with ωr<0) and requires that both ηi and ηe exceed thresholds. Circulating (untrapped) electrons are not adiabatic and parallel electron dynamics provides destabilization. Trapped electrons are not essential for the mode. Toroidicity has a stabilizing influence and the growth rate does not vanish in the slab limit. The growth rate is approximately proportional to |s| where s is the magnetic shear parameter. The mode is subject to finite α (ballooning parameter) stabilization as the conventional ηi mode in the long wavelength regime (k⊥ρi)2<1.
Published Version
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