Abstract
Abstract Time-dependent perturbation theory, limited to short times, is applied to free electrons enclosed in a finite metal sample of macroscopic size. Constant electric and magnetic fields, as well as the oscillating field of an electromagnetic wave, are taken as perturbations. A short-time absorption of the field energy can take place on condition that the external electric and magnetic fields exceed certain minimum values; in the case of electromagnetic waves some minimum of the wave frequency should be exceeded. Simultaneously, the short-time interaction of electric and magnetic fields with free electrons is connected with a certain maximum value of the energy that can be absorbed by one electron from the external fields, and this value depends solely on the size of the metal sample. On the other hand, for a perturbation by an electromagnetic wave no upper limit exists for energy which can be absorbed by one free electron at short times. This energy is equal to the square of the energy quantum of the...
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