Short-term use of resveratrol in alloplastic graft material applied with calvarial bone defects in rats

Nihat Laçin,Engin Deveci

doi:10.1590/s0102-865020190070000004

Nihat Laçin, Engin Deveci

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-865020190070000004

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Abstract

Purpose:The effects of resveratrol administration on calvarial bone defects with alloplastic graft material was investigated for osteoinductive reaction and bone development in rats.Methods:Healthy male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups consisting of 10 rats. Groups were as follows: control (defect) group, defect + graft group, and defect + graft + resveratrol group. A calvarial bone defect was created in all groups, alloplastic bone grafts were applied to the defect in the 2nd and 3rd group, resveratrol (5 mg/kg/day) was added to the drinking water of the animals following graft application for 28 days in the 3rd group.Results:Increase in osteoclasts and necrotic changes were observed histopathologically in the control group. In the 2nd group, reduction of inflammation, congestion of blood vessels, increased osteblastic activity, osteoinductive effect, progression of osteocyte development and increased collagen fibers in connective tissue were observed. In the 3rd group, osteoblasts seemed to secrete bone matrix and accelerate osteoinductive effect with increased osteopregenitor activity and positive osteopontin and osteonectin expressions.Conclusion:Resveratrol treatment was thought to be an alternative and supportive drug for implant application by inducing new bone formation in the calvaral defect region as a result of short-term treatment.

Highlights

Bone defect, which occurs due to various reasons leads to serious problems[1]
It was reported that alendronate enhanced the new bone formation by autogenous bone graft in the rat calvarial defect model[5]
We aimed to investigate and provide an increase in the understanding of the effects of low-dose resveratrol administration on calvarial bone defects with alloplastic graft material application whether it acts in osteoinductive reaction and bone development

Summary

Introduction

Bone defect, which occurs due to various reasons (such as trauma, infection) leads to serious problems[1]. Alloplastic bone grafts are synthetic, inorganic, biocompatible, and bioactive bone substitutions which are believed to repair bone defects through osteoconduction. Wang et al.[4] suggested that lactic-coglycolic acid- alendronate may be a potential bone graft substitute to enhance bone repair in a rat femoral bone defect model. It was reported that alendronate enhanced the new bone formation by autogenous bone graft in the rat calvarial defect model[5]. Induced calvarial critical dimension defects have been widely used to evaluate bone regenerative materials. In such a defect, it is important to maintain a suitable area due to the competition between the surrounding soft tissues and bone formation into the defect by using barrier membranes[2]. For the rat calvarial defect, 8 mm is generally accepted to be of critical size[6]

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