The effect of graft application and allopurinol treatment on calvarial bone defect in rats1.

Nihat Laçin,Mehmet Cudi Tuncer,Bozan Serhat İzol,Buşra Deveci,Ebru Gökalp Özkorkmaz

doi:10.1590/s0102-865020190030000006

Nihat Laçin, Mehmet Cudi Tuncer + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-865020190030000006

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Abstract

PurposeTo investigate the effects of allopurinol administration on osteoinductive reaction and bone development with graft material. MethodsThirty-six Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups. In the control group, calvarial bone defect was only created without any treatment. In the Defect + Graft group, allograft treatment was performed by forming 8 mm calvarial bone defect. In the Defect + Graft + Allopurinol group, alloplastic bone graft was placed in the calvarial bone defect and then, allopurinol (50 mg/kg/day) treatment was intraperitoneally applied for 28 days. ResultsHistopathological examination revealed inflammation, congestion in the vessels, and an increase in osteoclast cells in the defect area. We also observed that new osteocyte cells, increase in connective tissue fibers, and new bone trabeculae. Osteopontin expression was positive in osteoblast cells and lacunated osteocyte cells were located in the periphery of the new bone trabeculae. Osteopontin expression was also positive in osteoblasts and osteocytes cells of new bone trabeculae in the graft site. Conclusion It has been shown that allopurinol treatment in rat calvaria defects may induce osteoblastic activity, matrix development, mature bone cell formation and new bone formation when used with autogenous grafts.

Highlights

Bone defects in the maxillofacial region can appear after trauma, infection, bone tumours or cysts and orthognathic surgical procedures
The primary advantage of cancellous bone and bone marrow is they are able to significantly enhance osteogenesis. These abilities depend on the fact that they have viable cells that can transform into osteoblasts as well as those that induce osteogenesis
Due to the limited availability of autografts, undesirable features of allografts and xenografts such as the risk of disease transfer, researchers have been focused on synthetically graft materials that are produced for use in bone defects[6,7]

Summary

Introduction

Bone defects in the maxillofacial region can appear after trauma, infection, bone tumours or cysts and orthognathic surgical procedures. Calvarial critical dimension defects have been widely used to evaluate bone regenerative materials. In these defects, it is important to maintain a suitable area due to the competition between the surrounding soft tissues and bone formation into the defect by using barrier membranes[2]. The primary advantage of cancellous bone and bone marrow is they are able to significantly enhance osteogenesis. These abilities depend on the fact that they have viable cells that can transform into osteoblasts as well as those that induce osteogenesis. Allografts are used freeze-dried demineralized bone allograft (FDBA) and demineralized freezedried bone allograft form known as (DFDBA)[8]

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