Short-term predictors of amputation in patients with diabetic foot ulcers

Abstract

BackgroundDiabetic foot ulcers are the leading cause of non-traumatic lower extremity amputation. The aim of this study was to establish short-term predictors of lower extremity amputation (LEA) in patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). MethodsA retrospective observational study was performed. Patients observed for the first time in a multidisciplinary outpatient diabetic foot clinic during 1-year were reviewed. We examined demographic and clinical data and the occurrence of LEA within 180 days. Bivariate descriptive analysis was performed and three logistic regression models were created to predict short-term LEA. ResultsDuring 1-year 613 patients were observed for the first time in our diabetic foot clinic. Relevant data and eligibility was available from 479 patients with DFU; 38.41%, 40,71% and 20,88% had neuropathic, neuroischemic and ischemic ulcers, respectively. Considering a follow-up of 180 days, amputation occurred in 10.02% (n = 48) of patients: 3.13% (n = 15) major amputation and 6.89% (n = 33) minor amputation. Independent predictors of short-term LEA included moderate to severe infection [OR 5.23 (IC 95% 2.51–10.80; p < 0.001)], previous history of LEA [OR 3.93 (IC 95% 1.81–8.53; p = 0.001)], peripheral arterial disease [OR 3.51 (IC 95% 1.29–9.58; p = 0.014)] and presence of any walking disability [OR 3.35 (IC 95% 1.58–7.13; p = 0.002)]. ConclusionIn DFU patients the risk of LEA at 180 days is associated to moderate to severe infection at the initial presentation, previous history of LEA, peripheral arterial disease and presence of any walking disability. To prevent future amputations these patients should be identified early and managed by a multidisciplinary team.Level of Clinical Evidence: Level 2.