Abstract
Background Numerous studies have now shown that caffeine is no longer just limited to the treatment of apnea of prematurity. There are several short term benefits such as decreased incidence of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), lower mechanical ventilation days, and better neurodevelopmental outcome at 18-21 months with the use of early caffeine in Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW) neonates. Whether PDA should be treated medically or surgically is an ongoing debate, but morbidities …
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