Abstract
Previous studies conducted in highly polluted areas have reported associations between air pollution and daily mortality. The Green Lungs of Poland are characterized by unique natural features and a moderate pollution level. We aimed to assess the short-term impact of air pollution on cardiovascular (CVD)-, acute coronary syndrome (ACS)-, and cerebrovascular-related (CbVD) mortality. An analysis with 4,500,000 person-years and a time-stratified case-crossover design was performed. The interquartile range increase in the PM2.5 (OR 1.036, 95% CI 1.016–1.056, p < 0.001) and PM10 concentration (OR 1.034, 95% CI 1.015–1.053, p < 0.001) was associated with increased CVD mortality on lag 0, and this effect persisted on the following days. The effects of PMs were expressed more in association with ACS-related mortality (PM2.5-OR = 1.045, 95% CI 1.012–1.080, p = 0.01; PM10-OR = 1.044, 95% CI 1.010–1.078, p = 0.01) and CbVD mortality (PM10-OR = 1.099, 95% CI 1.019–1.343, p = 0.02). We also noted a higher CVD mortality OR in the cold season for PM10 in cities with area-source domination: Białystok (p = 0.001) and Suwałki (p = 0.047). The short-term impact of PMs on cardiovascular mortality is also observed in moderately polluted areas. This adverse health effect was more apparent in CbVD- and ACS-related mortality, and in the cold season. Further research focusing on the adverse health effects of “Polish smog” is sorely needed.
Highlights
In our results, we found heteroexpressed more strongly in the cold season
In our results, we found heterogegeneity in the levels of exposure to air pollutants between all of the three cities, each of neity in the levels of exposure to air pollutants between all of the three cities, each of them them presented an association between PM2.5 concentrations and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) mortality on the presented an association between PM2.5 concentrations and CVD mortality on the day of exday of exposure
The short-term impact of PMs on cardiovascular mortality are observed in moderately polluted areas
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Air quality and its impact on health have been in the spotlight since the infamous Great. It has become clear that the adverse effects are serious and can no longer be ignored. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) estimations, in the last year, ambient air pollution caused 4,200,000 deaths worldwide. These statistics included a total of 29,165 deaths that were attributed to air pollution in Poland [1]
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