Abstract
A new class of insecticide derived from fermentation of Sacharopolyspora spinosa - spinosad, has been indicated as being of low toxicity and a natural alternative to classical pesticides. In order to elucidate several aspects related to the morphophysiological changes induced by spinosad in Artibeus lituratus, the effects of a seven-day administration on plasma glucose, glycogen, protein and lipid concentrations were evaluated, and possible changes in liver cells were examined by histological analysis. Animals were fed with spinosyn-contaminated fruit through immersion in a solution. Data reporting on metabolism revealed a decrease in hind limb muscle lipid concentration in the treated group. Morphological analysis indicated a significant increase in liver cell diameter in treated animals compared to the control group. This study indicates that spinosyn, used at its recommended dose, does not affect general energy metabolism in A. lituratus but may affect some ultrastructural characteristics of liver cells.
Highlights
Dispersal of plant seeds by animals is a fundamental part of successful change in the tropics
A new class of chemical insecticides obtained from the fermentation of the bacterium Sacharopolyspora spinosa (Actinomycetales) has been indicated as a natural alternative to classical pesticides
Several organophosphorous pesticides widely used in fruit growing are reported to induce hyperglycemia in mammals (Rahimi and Abdollahi, 2007), activating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis and interfering with energy metabolism as well as with several organs and systems (Pournourmohammadi et al, 2005; Rezg et al, 2007)
Summary
Dispersal of plant seeds by animals is a fundamental part of successful change in the tropics In this context, frugivorous bats play a critical role in forest regeneration, and its ecological service emphasizes these species current conservation implications (Muscarella and Fleming, 2007). A mixture of metabolites of S. spinosa (spinosyns A and D) (Mertz and Yao, 1990; Thompson et al, 2000; Yano et al, 2002; Kirst, 2010) present a unique mode of action through nervous system activation of nicotinic and GABA (γ-amino butyric acid) receptors (Kirst et al, 1992; DeAmicis et al, 1997; Salgado, 1998; Salgado et al, 1998; Thompson et al, 2000) This mechanism differs from that induced by other nicotinic receptor-based insecticides and macrocyclic lacton (Thompson et al, 2000), which cause a decrease in acetilcholinesterase activity and alter energetic metabolism, promoting effects including hyperglycemia (Hanley Junior et al, 2002; Abdollahi et al, 2004)
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