Abstract
Molecular markers are essential tool for determining the specific genetic makeup of an individual and are valuable approach for genetic improvement of farm animals. In cattle breeding their application is useful for improvement of breeding programs for desired traits, better productivity and high quality products. These markers provide more accurate genetic information and better knowledge of the animal genetic resources. In this review we attempt to make a brief summary on the application of one of more advanced DNA-based molecular markers in cattle breeding, namely short tandem repeat (STR, microsatellites).
Highlights
In the middle of the last century the use of blood groups and enzymes were beneficial for studying the animal genetics
The development of polymorphic microsatellite markers in advanced genetics and biotechnology gives the opportunity for the selection, improvement of cattle health and production
The microsatellite technology with its advantages and disadvantages has a huge variety of applications in cattle breeds
Summary
In the middle of the last century the use of blood groups and enzymes were beneficial for studying the animal genetics. They are most valuable and informative markers for genetic studies in cattle parentage verifications, genetic variability, genome mapping, relationships of individuals and populations, evaluation of inbreeding levels (FIS), the genetic structure of subpopulations and populations, assessment of effective population size (Ne) and the gene flow between populations They are used as markers for certain cattle disease in cattle diagnosis because several microsatellite alleles are associated with mutations in coding regions of the DNA that can cause a variety of medical disorders and variation in productive traits (Selkoe and Toonen, 2006). Teneva et al (2005; 2007) studied local Bulgarian Grey and Bulgarian Shorthorn cattle breeds through microsatellite markers They established a high PIC value (>0.5) and high heterozigosity based on 11 STRs. Molecular markers provide researchers with tools to develop genetic linkage maps. In this QTL mapping the authors genotyped a cattle group at 477 microsatellite loci, distributed among the 29 cattle autosomes for 16 phenotypic traits
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