Abstract
Various lithium recovery technologies have been developed as securing lithium resources has become increasingly important. Among these technologies, the electrochemical lithium recovery (ELR) system is a rapid and eco-friendly extraction method that has been studied recently. In this paper, an ELR system using a spinel-type LiMn2O4 (LMO) is briefly reviewed. As LMO electrodes have high Li+ selectivity and stability compared to other lithium battery cathodes, they have been widely used as positive electrodes for the ELR system. This paper summarizes the system proposal, LMO electrode modification, system analysis, and industrial applications. Perspectives of the ELR technology are presented considering the progress of the research.
Highlights
With the recent rapid growth of the electric vehicle industry, the lithium battery industry has grown at the same time [1]
This study identified the reason for the performance degradation in the electrochemical lithium recovery (ELR) system, which is distinguished from the battery system
Polypyrrole, nickel hexacyanoferrate, zinc, and polyaniline were suggested as alternatives for the silver electrode
Summary
With the recent rapid growth of the electric vehicle industry, the lithium battery industry has grown at the same time [1]. The currently commercialized lithium recovery technology is lime soda evaporation, which is suitable for the mass production of lithium from brine sources. Electrochemical lithium recovery (ELR) systems have been studied to solve these problems [6,7,8]. The ELR system is an electrochemical process that separates and concentrates lithium-ion (Li+ ). Intercalation into the lithium-ion battery cathode and the oxidation reaction on the counter electrode. Energies 2020, 13, x FOR PEER REVIEW product These two steps are conducted repeatedly until a Li+ recovery solution with high concentration and purity is produced. At the +4 electrochemical step, of the8amanganese cations changed changed from to +3 and Li+reduction intercalates inthe thevalence tetrahedral sites. ELR systems using the LMO electrode are reviewed in this study.
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