Short cross-laminated timber plates subjected to out-of-plane loads

Abstract

The use of cross-laminated timber (CLT) panels has increased significantly, driven by the demand for more sustainable structural solutions. When used in short spans, the load capacity of CLT panels can be significantly enhanced; however, their behaviour and failure mechanisms differ from those of large spans. This study evaluates the mechanical behaviour of short-span CLT panels made from Pinus taeda L. under out-of-plane loads, through experimental analyses on full-scale panels. Fourteen industrially manufactured panels were tested in four-point bending tests, using adhesive weights of 250 and 220 g/m². The values of maximum bending moment, shear force, and their respective resistances were analysed based on the observed failure modes. The transverse modulus of elasticity was determined using strain gauges. It was found that short panels, with a span-to-depth ratio of 9 ≤ l/h ≤ 12, exhibited bending moment and shear force failures, with no significant differences between adhesive weights. Discrepancies in shear resistance and stiffness values compared to existing standards suggest the need for reduced-specimen testing for greater accuracy.