Short- and long-term prognosis of glycemic control in COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes.

Abstract

Background and aimTo systematically evaluate the associations between glycemic control and short- to long-term outcomes in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).Design and methodsA multi-center prospective cohort study including 574 COVID-19 patients with T2D were conducted in Wuhan, China. All patients were followed-up 1 year after hospital discharge using a uniformed questionnaire including self-reported symptoms, and the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) assessment test (CAT) items.ResultsOf the 574 patients, 443 (77.2%) had well-controlled blood glucose. Glycemic control was significantly associated with decreased risk of death (OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.10-0.57), ICU admission (OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.10-0.49), invasive mechanical ventilation (OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.08-0.72), disease progression (OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.11-0.55), and composite outcome (OR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.14-0.49). The top five long-term sequelae include fatigue (31.5%), sweating (21.2%), chest tightness (15.1%), anxiety (12.2%), myalgia (10.6%), and short breath (6.4%). Glycemic control was associated with decreased risk of respiratory sequelae (OR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.18-0.99, P = 0.048).ConclusionsGlycemic control was significantly associated with short-term outcomes in COVID-19 patients with T2D, and showed a significant association with long-term respiratory sequelae. The management and control of blood glucose has a positive impact on prognosis of COVID-19.