Abstract
Friction stir welding (FSW) has become the most popular welding technique for nonferrous alloys among researchers of the concerned field in the recent decade. It is a solid-state welding process and most suitable for nonferrous alloys, especially aluminium and magnesium alloys. Aluminium and magnesium alloys are the hot material for structural applications in transport vehicles, aerospace, and marine due to their lower densities and superior mechanical properties. Furthermore, FSW is associated with low temperature, which is responsible for eliminating defects of fusion welding such as porosity, liquation cracking, solidification, and cracking. This review article briefly introduces FSW and explains the different methods employed for FSW. Furthermore, process parameters, microstructural, mechanical properties, metallurgical investigations, advantages, disadvantages, applications, contemporary challenges and drawbacks, and future hotspots of FSW are identified.
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