Abstract
To evaluate the properties of the sports surfaces, friction tests and force attenuation tests have been generally adopted to determine the horizontal and vertical characteristics, respectively. Although the diagonal impacts are often observed in human activities, these tests treat only the vertical impact test. Therefore we developed a two dimensional impact test device for examining the two-dimensional cushioning characteristics of sport surfaces in previous studies. In this study, the various cushioned and non-cushioned impact tests were examined to calculate the FR(Force Reduction) values not only in vertical but also in horizontal impact force. As the results, horizontal shock attenuation characteristic was different from that of the vertical one in terms of initial angles.
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