Shipping sheep or creating cattle: domesticate size changes with Greek colonisation in Magna Graecia

Abstract

This study presents the evidence for an increase in the size of livestock concurrent with Greek colonisation in the region of southern Italy referred to by the Romans as Magna Graecia. Biometrically distinct varieties of sheep and cattle are identified from sites of ancient Greece. Through biometric comparisons these varieties are distinct and distinguishable from those of pre-colonisation sites in southern Italy. The size of these livestock is shown to increase following the foundation of Greek colonial settlements in the area. Whether through domesticate translocation or local improvements the process of Greek colonisation in Magna Graecia is shown to have had a significant impact on local livestock populations in colonisation areas of southern Italy.