Shifted-Antimagic Labelings for Graphs

Abstract

The concept of antimagic labelings of a graph is to produce distinct vertex sums by labeling edges through consecutive numbers starting from one. A long-standing conjecture is that every connected graph, except a single edge, is antimagic. Some graphs are known to be antimagic, but little has been known about sparse graphs, not even trees. This paper studies a weak version called k-shifted-antimagic labelings which allow the consecutive numbers starting from \(k+1\), instead of starting from 1, where k can be any integer. This paper establishes connections among various concepts proposed in the literature of antimagic labelings and extends previous results in three aspects: Some classes of graphs, including trees and graphs whose vertices are of odd degrees, which have not been verified to be antimagic are shown to be k-shifted-antimagic for sufficiently large k. Some graphs are proved k-shifted-antimagic for all k, while some are proved not for some particular k. Disconnected graphs are also considered.