Abstract
To explore the effects of multi-cutting and sheep excrement on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from grassland ecosystems which simulate grazing livestock to a certain extent, spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L., var. Yongliang 15) and common vetch (Vicia sativa L., var. Lanjian 3) were planted in pot experiments in an inland arid region in 2019. Four treatments were conducted with eight replicates: plants without sheep excrement and cutting (CK), plants with multi-cutting (MC), plants with sheep excrement (SE), and plants with multi-cutting and sheep excrement (CE). The results showed that the carbon dioxide (CO2) emission of common vetch with CE significantly was higher than that with MC at the earlier and later branching stages (p < 0.05). That of spring wheat with CE was significantly higher than that with MC at the later tillering stage (p < 0.05). Nitrogen oxide (N2O) emissions of the two forage crops with SE rose significantly more than those with MC at both stages (p < 0.05). Methane (CH4) of both forage crops with SE changed from absorption to emission (p < 0.05). Soil NO3−-N content of both forages significantly increased with SE compared with MC (p < 0.05), while soil NH4+-N content did not change significantly. Sheep excrement changed the CH4 sink into a CH4 source of the soil growing the two forage crops and increased the emissions of CO2 and N2O, whereas multi-cutting significantly reduced the GHG intensity of forage crops mostly by promoting the growth of the two forage crops. Future studies are suggested to identify the spatiotemporal effects of cutting and sheep excrement on GHG emissions to improve the prediction of future climate impacts from grazing activities.
Highlights
The rapid increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, mainly including carbon dioxide (CO2 ), nitrous oxide (N2 O), and methane (CH4 ) [1], has aggravated global warming, which has become a concern for society
It is of great significance for agricultural production, food security, and ecological protection to study multi-cutting and excrement in the grazing process and their relationship with greenhouse gas emissions, as well as to explore how GHG emissions can be reduced through the grazing management of different forage crop grasslands
The multivariate analysis of variance showed that the three factors and their interaction have significant effects on the biomass of forage crops, soil physicochemical properties, and greenhouse gas emissions (p < 0.05) (Table 1)
Summary
The rapid increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, mainly including carbon dioxide (CO2 ), nitrous oxide (N2 O), and methane (CH4 ) [1], has aggravated global warming, which has become a concern for society. Ruminant livestock, which mostly graze on grassland in the world, contribute to 18% of global agricultural GHG emissions [5]. It is of great significance for agricultural production, food security, and ecological protection to study multi-cutting and excrement in the grazing process and their relationship with greenhouse gas emissions, as well as to explore how GHG emissions can be reduced through the grazing management of different forage crop grasslands. The excrement of grazing herbivores produces CH4 , N2 O, and other GHGs through the action of soil microorganisms, in turn, further exacerbating GHG emissions [9]
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