Shedding light on Mycobacterium chelonae and its cutaneous intrusion: A case report

Abstract

Background: Mycobacterium chelonae, a rapidly proliferating nontuberculous mycobacterium, is renowned for instigating diverse infections, notably those affecting the integumentary system. Despite its pervasive presence in the environment, its propensity for pathogenicity in human hosts often eludes recognition. In this case report, we endeavor to provide a thorough exposition encompassing the epidemiological characteristics, clinical presentations, diagnostic modalities, and therapeutic strategies pertinent to Mycobacterium chelonae infections, with particular emphasis on its manifestations in skin and soft tissues. Case Description: We describe the case of an immunocompromised patient with a history of rheumatoid arthritis that presented with a four-month history of erythematous nodules that started from her left hand and later extended up that arm. A diagnosis was not made until mycobacterial cultures grew Mycobacterium Chelonae. Patient was treated with a six-month course of antibiotics, including tigecycline and azithromycin, which resulted in a significant reduction of her cutaneous lesions. Conclusion: This report discusses the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of Mycobacterium. Chelonae, a rare nontuberculous mycobacterium that presented as a skin infection in an immunocompromised patient. Early recognition followed by treatment with appropriate antibiotics is crucial in reducing to its spread to disseminated infections.