Abstract
Smart materials are much discussed in the current research scenario. The shape memory effect is one of the most fascinating occurrences in smart materials, both in terms of the phenomenon and its applications. Many metal alloys and polymers exhibit the shape memory effect (SME). Shape memory properties of elastomers, such as rubbers, polyurethanes, and other elastomers, are discussed in depth in this paper. The theory, factors impacting, and key uses of SME elastomers are all covered in this article. SME has been observed in a variety of elastomers and composites. Shape fixity and recovery rate are normally analysed through thermomechanical cycle studies to understand the effectiveness of SMEs. Polymer properties such as chain length, and the inclusion of fillers, such as clays, nanoparticles, and second phase polymers, will have a direct influence on the shape memory effect. The article discusses these aspects in a simple and concise manner.
Highlights
The superiority of natural rubber (NR) over synthetic polymers lies on the fact that they are capable of supporting large amounts of stress up to 30 MPa at a strain of more than 1000%.This is due to strain-induced crystallization (SIC) that occurs whenever cross-linked NR is stretched to large elongations
The term synthetic rubber derives from the synthetic analogue to natural rubber, but a term synthetic rubber derives the synthetic analogue natural rubber, bu great The variety of other rubbery materials are from produced by chemical synthesisto[7].The shape a great variety of other rubbery materials are produced by chemical synthesis[7].The memory properties of synthetic rubbers, such as polyurethane, ethylene propylene diene shape memory properties of synthetic rubbers, such as polyurethane, propylene monomer (EPDM), and silicone rubbers, were largely studied by scientists ethylene all over the world
Graphene oxide is is layered filler that shows high mechanical and thermal properties; Graphene oxide layered filler that shows high mechanical and thermal properties; when we reduce the surface oxygen group present in the graphene oxide, it becomes elecwhen we reduce the surface oxygen group present in the graphene oxide, it becomes trically conductive, reduced graphene oxide.oxide
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Macromolecular compounds, as they have unsaturation, can be cross-linked with sulphur This unsaturation normally comes from (partly or totally) diene monomers, for example, polyisoprene (synthetic), polybutadiene, styrene–butadiene, or acrylonitrile–butadiene copolymers [1,2,3,4]. Rubbers can form cross-linked structures; these may be long-chain molecules forming coils that can be extended when subjected to even small stresses These chain segments are flexible and undergo micro Brownian motion at normal temperatures. The rubber molecules assume statistically ordered confirmation when tensile stresses are applied; on the removal of the stress they return to their statistically random confirmation This ability of rubber to retain a memory of its original unstressed state and return to its original dimension when external forces are removed is utilized in many shape memory applications and will be discussed in detail in this review [7,8]
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