SGLT2 Inhibition in Acute Myocardial Infarction—A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

In heart failure as well as in chronic kidney disease sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have changed the landscape of medical therapy. Originally developed for use in diabetes, an unforeseen cardiovascular benefit extended SGLT2 inhibitor use from antihyperglycemic agents to cardiovascular and renal risk modifying agents. As their benefit in cardiovascular disease is independent from the diabetic state as well as the left ventricular ejection fraction it is the only class of therapy recommended throughout the spectrum of heart failure. Until very recently, the remaining gap in evidence has been data on the safety and efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) as former trials of SGLT2 inhibitors to date have excluded patients with recent ischemic events. As the first out of three trials conducted in post MI SGLT2 inhibitors therapy the EMMY trial was published. EMMY randomized 476 patients shortly after percutaneous intervention for recent large MI to either 10 mg of empagliflozin daily or placebo. The primary endpoint of changes in N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) over 26 weeks as well as the functional and structural secondary endpoints were met. This provides first evidence of SGLT2 inhibitors-mediated beneficial results in this group of patients. We here discuss these results in the light of the two upcoming outcome trials (DAPA-MI and EMPACT-MI) with regard to the future role of this class of drugs early after MI.