Sexual relations and rehabilitation of injured athletes: A narrative review

Abstract

Sexual health is a critical aspect of overall well-being, encompassing physical, mental, and emotional dimensions. For athletes, maintaining sexual health during injury rehabilitation can be particularly challenging. Injuries disrupt training, competition schedules, intimate relationships, and sexual health, impacting the psychological state, the recovery process, and overall quality of life. Athletes are highly attuned to their bodies, and any injury impeding physical performance can lead to significant stress and anxiety, affecting sexual health. Conversely, sexual activity and intimate relationships can influence the rehabilitation process both positively and negatively. Understanding this interplay is essential for holistic rehabilitation programs addressing all aspects of an athlete's well-being. Physiologically, sexual activity involves physical exertion, hormonal changes, and alterations in blood flow, impacting healing. Hormones released during sexual activity, such as oxytocin, endorphins, and dopamine, can provide pain relief and enhance mood, benefiting recovery. Testosterone, crucial for muscle repair and growth, is also influenced by sexual activity. However, physical exertion during sexual activity can strain injured areas, potentially exacerbating injuries if not managed carefully. Psychologically, injuries can impact an athlete’s self-esteem, body image, and mental health. Positive sexual relations offer emotional support, enhancing psychological resilience during recovery. Intimate relationships provide normalcy and help athletes maintain a positive body image, counteracting the negative psychological effects of injuries. Social support from intimate partners is vital for rehabilitation. Open communication about physical limitations and sexual needs can strengthen relationships and create a supportive environment for recovery. Comprehensive rehabilitation programs should address sexual health, providing education on safe practices, offering counseling services, and encouraging open dialogue between athletes, partners, and healthcare providers. Rehabilitation programs can enhance recovery and improve outcomes for injured athletes by integrating physiological, psychological, and social aspects.