Abstract
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the sex-based differences in substrate metabolism. There are some important quantitative (relative or absolute) sex differences in substrate metabolism. These sex differences are particularly apparent under conditions that “perturb” energy and substrate homeostasis away from the resting, post-absorptive state. Quantitative differences include the utilization of the major energy sources as well as their storage and mobilization from different tissues. In some instances, this results in sex-specific metabolic aberrations. Sex-steroid hormones may also serve to regulate substrate metabolism via indirect influences on catecholamine action. Relative to men, higher levels of estrogen during exercise in women could act synergistically with sympathetic activation, possibly by enhancing cell signaling that stimulates activity of hormone sensitive lipase. Although purely speculative, subcutaneous adipocytes, especially abdominal adipocytes, could have cell surface estrogen receptors that are not present (or present in much lower density) in other adipose tissue beds and thus selectively enhance lipolysis in this region.
Published Version
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