Sex Differences in the Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Cognitive Impairment No Dementia among the Elderly in a Rural Area of Northern China: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background/Aims: The burden of dementia among women in China, especially among women from rural areas, has increased due to their longevity and lower education levels compared with that among men. Thus, we aimed to assess sex differences in the prevalence of cognitive impairment and its relevant determinants among rural residents in North China. Methods: Adults aged 60 years and older with cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND) were recruited to this study. Demographic characteristics, traditional risk factors, and lifestyle characteristics were obtained and analyzed on the basis of sex. Results: There were 1,295 individuals with CIND (489 [37.8%] men and 806 [62.2%] women). The prevalence of CIND was 23.3% overall (19.8% for men, 26.1% for women; p < 0.001). Age, education level, history of stroke, and social activity were significantly associated with CIND for both men and women. Widowed status compared to married status was an independent risk factor for CIND in men (OR [95% CI] 1.50 [1.14–1.98]; p = 0.004). Conclusion: These findings suggest that it is crucial to address the secondary prevention of stroke and to consider the psychological status among the elderly with low educational attainment in order to reduce the burden of CIND in China.