Abstract
Most fish species are gonochorists, where individuals develop as male or female and remain the same sex throughout their life. In gonochorists, sex is determined genetically by the distribution of inherited sex chromosomes (e.g., XX/XY or ZZ/ZW systems) or by environmental factors such as water temperature, pH, among other conditions experienced during early development. Once sex is determined for an individual and gonadal sex differentiation is completed, its sex does not change thereafter. However, some fishes are hermaphrodites, which can change sex during their lifetime or even function as both male and female simultaneously. This article provides an overview of the diverse modes of sex determination and the relatively conserved process of gonadal sex differentiation in fishes.
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