Severe obesity in total knee arthroplasty occurs in younger patients with a greater healthcare burden and complication rate

Abstract

BackgroundKnee osteoarthritis in the presence of severe obesity (BMI ≥ 40) is becoming an increasing presentation to healthcare services. When progressing to arthroplasty, this group is known to have higher complication rates. MethodA retrospective cohort study at a tertiary referral centre (UK) with all sequential patients undergoing TKA between 2019 and 2020 included following identification from the UK National Joint Registry. Patients were divided by BMI < 40 and BMI ≥ 40 (86, 16.3%). Analysis of BMI with pre-operative parameters including age, ASA, and blood parameters was performed. Primary outcome was re-operation rate. Secondary outcomes included length of stay, complications, and re-admission. ResultsFive hundred and twenty-eight sequential TKA patients were included. The BMI < 40 group (442 patients, 83.7%) were mean 5.4 years younger (p < 0.001), had a higher ASA grade (p < 0.001) lower albumin (p < 0.001) and higher HbA1c (p < 0.001) than the BMI ≥ 40 group (86 patients, 16.3%). The BMI ≥ 40 group had a higher rate of re-operation (8% vs 2%, p = 0.012), and longer length of stay (mean 1.2 days longer p < 0.001), most commonly due to wound discharge, which alongside dehiscence was significantly higher (11.6% vs 4.3% p = 0.02). Overall, re-admission rates were also higher (18.6% vs 6.1% p = 0.06) with wound dehiscence, superficial infection, and deep infection the most common causes. ConclusionsThose patients undergoing TKA with a BMI ≥ 40 are younger and have higher reoperation rates, greater length of stay, higher re-admission rates and more postoperative complications, providing a target for the development of pre-operative optimisation programmes.