Abstract
Crop wild relatives (CWR) have been increasingly used as a genetic resource in crop improvement programs, thus, their conservation is essential for future sustainable agriculture and food security. Generally, CWR are threatened but their conservation has just recently come to global attention. Ex situ conservation (to ensure the availability of material to plant breeders and reintroduction programs) and in situ conservation (to permit their natural evolution) need better planning to ensure success. However, Indonesia as one of the important areas for CWR diversity does not yet have specific plans to conserve these resources. The basis for CWR conservation planning is having a prioritized inventory of CWR upon which to focus CWR conservation actions in Indonesia. Therefore, the initial CWR conservation planning steps reported in this paper are CWR checklist development and subsequent prioritization to permit better allocation of resources and time for conservation action. A total of 1968 taxa were recorded as wild relatives of food crops in Indonesia. About 571 (29%) of those taxa are national endemics and 864 (44%) are narrow regional endemics. After prioritization based on the socio-economic value of the related crops and potential utilization for plant breeding, 234 taxa were established as a priority for conservation. Ninety-five of these priority taxa are important at the national and global levels (such as wild relatives of rice, banana, mango, breadfruit, sugarcane, taro, coconut, sweet potato, melon, sorghum, citrus, and aubergine), 69 are important at the national and regional levels (such as wild relatives of tropical fruits and sugar crops), and 70 taxa are important at global level only (such as wild relatives of yam, figs, and raspberry). Those priority taxa are now the target for further CWR conservation action both of ex situ and in situ gap analyses and the establishment of a systematic conservation planning strategy for effective conservation action in Indonesia.
Highlights
Crops, as the result of man-assisted evolution, have been managed since the Neolithic periods (Gepts 2004)
This paper aims to report the results of the initial steps on conservation planning of wild relatives of food crops in Indonesia, including the creation of a Crop wild relatives (CWR) checklist, its prioritization, and inventory of priority CWR
To further reduce the number of taxa to be prioritized, taxa belonging to GP1B, GP2, TG1B, TG2, TG3, and those known to contain important traits or that have already been used in crop breeding programs were selected as the priority taxa for conservation
Summary
As the result of man-assisted evolution, have been managed since the Neolithic periods (Gepts 2004). Advanced technologies can resolve selection barriers that naturally occur (Arnold 2004; Gepts 2004; Vaughan et al 2007; Meyer and Purugganan 2013; Milla et al 2015). Concomitant with Darwin’s theory of evolution (survival of the fittest), some crop varieties cannot adapt to new environments, such as new abiotic condition (temperature, soil properties, precipitation) or biotic interactions (new strains of disease or pests), or cannot comply with human preferences (yield quantity or quality) (Arnold 2004; Abbo et al 2014; Milla et al 2015; Turcotte et al 2015). The genetic resources of crop wild relatives have very promising potential (Maxted et al 2006; Ford-Lloyd et al 2011)
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