Serum Uric Acid as a Marker of Coronary Artery Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: An Observational Study

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: Cardiovascular disease is the most prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Hypertension, obesity, and smoking are well-established risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) in diabetes. Hyperuricemia is an emerging risk factor for insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. Our objective in the present study was to assess the association of serum uric acid with cardiovascular disease and its risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital; a total of 100 patients who presented to the hospital with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected by simple random sampling technique and divided into two groups based on echocardiography and coronary angiography reports. Serum uric acid, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, and body mass index (BMI) measurements were performed. Data were analyzed into the SPSS version, and the Pearson coefficient was used to assess the association between uric acid and cardiovascular disease risk factors. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean uric acid is higher (6.79 ± 1.42 mg/dL) in diabetic patients with CAD compared to diabetics without CAD (4.82 ± 1.66 mg/dL). A positive correlation was found between serum uric acid, BMI, and lipid profile. Conclusion: Serum uric acid was significantly associated with the presence of CAD and CAD risk factors and can be used as a predictive marker for cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus.