Serum Soluble Fibrinogen-Like Protein 2 Estimates Increased T-Helper 2 Cytokine, Elevated Disease Severity, and Unfavorable Outcomes in Allergic Rhinitis Patients.

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Soluble fibrinogen-like protein 2 (sFGL2) may be involved in the pathology and progression of allergic rhinitis (AR) through regulating T-helper (Th)2 cell response. This study aimed to explore the ability of sFGL2 to estimate outcomes in AR patients. sFGL2 was detected in the serum sample of 119 AR patients at baseline and 20 healthy controls (HCs) after enrollment by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In AR patients, disease severity was assessed at baseline as well as 4 weeks (W4) and 8 weeks (W8) after enrollment by the total nasal symptom score (TNSS). sFGL2 was higher in AR patients than HCs [median (interquartile range): 100.0 (70.0-154.0) vs 47.0 (31.5-78.5) ng/mL] (P < .001). In AR patients, sFGL2 was positively correlated with TNSS score (P = .002), itching score (P = .037), sneezing score (P = .012), and interleukin (IL)-4 (P = .006) at baseline. TNSS score declined from baseline to W8 in AR patients (P < .001). To further explore the association between sFGL2 levels and treatment outcomes, we compared the sFGL2 levels between patients with TNSS scores at W4 or W8 >4 and those with TNSS scores at W4 or W8 ≤4. It was found that sFGL2 was only increased in AR patients with a TNSS score at W4 >4 versus those with a TNSS score at W4 ≤4 (P = .012). Serum sFGL2 is increased in AR patients, and its high level estimates an increased Th2 cytokine and disease severity as well as poor outcomes.