Abstract
BackgroundObesity is correlated with worse drug responses and high disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Interleukin (IL)-35 is a novel anti-inflammatory cytokine that mainly produced by regulatory T (Treg). This study was performed to analyze whether IL-35 was correlated with obesity in RA and investigate the correlation between other Th1/Th2/Th17-related cytokines and obesity in RA.ResultsThe serum IL-35 level was analyzed in RA (n = 81) and healthy donors (n = 53) by ELISA assay, and was compared between three groups (body mass index (BMI) < 18.5,≥18.5 to 25, > 25). Serum cytokines including IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17, INF-γ, TNF-α levels were measured using Flowcytometry assay. Clinical information was extracted from medical records. Serum IL-35 level in overweight patients were significantly decreased than those in lean patients. Furthermore, Th1/Th2/Th17-related cytokines from overweight patients with RA showed the characteristic immunological features. Serum IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α levels were positively correlated with BMI. However, serum IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ concentrations were not correlated with BMI.ConclusionsQuantitative changes in serum IL-35 level were characteristic in overweight patients with RA. These findings indicate that IL-35 plays an important role in the development of RA and may prove to be a potential biomarker of active RA.
Highlights
Obesity is correlated with worse drug responses and high disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Correlation between serum IL-35 levels and obesity In current study, body mass index (BMI) and lipid profile including total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apoplipoprotein A1 and apoplipoprotein B were used to explore the relationship between IL-35 and obesity in RA
The serum IL-35 level in total RA patients, three subgroups and healthy controls were presented in Table 2.We found that the serum IL-35 level in total patients with RA was significantly elevated compared to that in healthy controls (median (IQR), 11.6(5.1–16.8) pg/ml vs 1.5(0.8–3.2) pg/ml)(p
Summary
Obesity is correlated with worse drug responses and high disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized as a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease which caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Some environmental factors including smoking and obesity has been demonstrated to significantly affect the prognosis of patients with RA. Obesity has been confirmed as one of the most important environmental risk factors for RA. High disease activity is observed in obese patients with early RA [3]. RA patients who have a high body mass index (BMI) were confirmed to have worse outcomes regarding to disease activity and comorbidities [4]. Previous studies have showed that obesity and inflammation are tightly linked, which contributes to the risk and severity of RA.
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