Abstract
Adropin is a novel pleotropic peptide involved in energy homeostasis, with possible contribution to cardiovascular protection through production of nitric oxide and subsequent blood pressure regulation. Given that patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) are related with high cardiovascular risk, hyperlipidemia, chronic low-grade inflammation, and malnutrition the aim of our study was to investigate serum adropin levels in HD patients to evaluate possible associations with nutritional status and other relevant clinical and laboratory parameters. The study included 70 patients on HD and 60 healthy controls. Serum adropin levels were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in a commercially available diagnostic kit. Serum adropin levels were significantly lower in the HD group compared to the control group (2.20 ± 0.72 vs. 4.05 ± 0.93 ng/mL, p < 0.001). Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation with malnutrition-inflammation score (r = −0.476, p < 0.001), dialysis malnutrition score (r = −0.350, p = 0.003), HD duration (r = −0.305, p = 0.010), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) (r = −0.646, p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a significant negative correlation between adropin levels and pre-dialysis systolic (r = −0.301, p = 0.011) and diastolic blood pressure (r = −0.299, p = 0.011). These results are implying that adropin is potentially involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of chronic kidney disease (CKD)/HD and its complications. However, future larger scale longitudinal studies need to further address it.
Highlights
Hemodialysis (HD) is an artificial procedure of removing excess fluids, minerals, and toxins from the blood of patients who have an impaired renal function
Studies have showed that adropin has a wide range of diverse effects, among which the most prominent one is maintaining energy homeostasis through glucose and lipid metabolism regulation [5,6,7]
Another study conducted on obese patients and healthy controls showed that serum adropin levels were lower in participants with obesity and insulin resistance whereas lower body mass index (BMI) was linked with the rise of serum adropin levels [9]
Summary
Hemodialysis (HD) is an artificial procedure of removing excess fluids, minerals, and toxins from the blood of patients who have an impaired renal function. HD is one of the most used renal replacement therapies and a life-depending method for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), the procedure is associated with a high cardiovascular risk, morbidity, and mortality [1,2]. Adropin is a novel pleotropic peptide which is encoded by the ENHO gene whose expression was found in the liver and brain, but its presence was established in the muscle, heart, pancreas, and kidneys [3,4]. In a study by Akcilar et al [8] it was presented that mice with dietary induced obesity have a higher glucose tolerance and reduced insulin resistance after peritoneal treatment with adropin. A recent study showed that adropin treatment downregulated the expression of gluconeogenic regulatory enzymes in the liver which led to inhibition of hepatic glucose production and improved hepatic insulin sensitivity [10]
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