Seroprevalence of Newcastle disease in backyard chickens in selected districts of Banadir region, Somalia.

Abstract

A cross-sectional study was carried out in the period between January and April 2019 with the aim of establishing prevalence of Newcastle disease (ND) in backyard chickens in Banadir region of Somalia using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA). A total of 373 unvaccinated free scavenging backyard chickens were sampled from five districts in Banadir region, namely Dharkenley, Hodan, Wadajir, Hawlwadag, and Daynile. The overall prevalence was found to be 39.4% (95% confidence interval: 34.6-44.4%) with a mean antibody titre of 3844.10 ± 263.3 (standard error). The seroprevalence of ND virus (NDV) antibody in Wadajir district was the highest (66.6%) followed by Hawlwadag, Daynile, Dharkenley, and Hodan with prevalence of 56%, 42.1%, 42.35%, and 10.6%, respectively, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Adult chickens had significantly higher prevalence (43.8%) than growers (19.4%) (P < 0.05). The present study, which is the first of its kind in Somalia to the best of our knowledge, concluded that the disease is highly prevalent in the study area; therefore, molecular studies on the characteristics of circulating strains are to be carried out in order to develop an evidence-based control programme and minimize the economic and social impacts of ND on smallholders.