Seroprevalence of HIV, Hepatitis B and C Viruses Infections among Candidates for Cataract Surgery

Abstract

Introduction: The safety issue of mass surgeries in areas of higher endemicity for HIV, HBV and HCV is raised. Objective: The objective was to determine the frequency of HIV, HBV and HCV among people undergoing a cataract surgery during humanitarian surgical mission. Patients and Method: This prospective study was conducted at CHU Owendo from April to September 2018. Cataract-operated patients were the targeted population. Rapid screening tests were used for diagnosis. Parameters such as age, sex, frequency of HIV, HBV, HCV, and co-infections were analyzed. Sero-positivity was correlated with age and sex. A total of 1403 patients were included. Statistical analysis was performed with EPI Info 7.2 (Chi2 uncorrected, Mann-Whitnney and Wilcoxon, p < 0.05). Results: Patients mean age was 66.3 ± 11.6 years; 42.1% of them were male. With 18.0% of the study population, HIV-positive people had mean age of 78.4 ± 9.3 years, compared to 61.2 ± 10.1 years for sero-negative (p < 0.001). HIV prevalence was 4.6% (95% CI = [3.7 - 5.9]), HBV was 2.9% (95% CI = [2.1 - 3.9]), and HCV was 11.8% (95% CI = [10.2 - 13.6]). Co-infections occurred in 1.2% (95% CI = [0.8 - 1.9]) of patients undergoing surgery. Conclusion: This study showed high prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV among patients undergoing cataract surgery with predominance for HCV. Viral co-infections prevalence was also significant.