Abstract
Blood transfusion saves millions of life in emergency situations and is considered has life saving drug. Blood transfusion is associated with several risks which also includes transfusion transmissible infections. With the implementation of strict donor selection, effective and sensitive screening tests can ensure the least reduction risk of acquiring transfusion transmissible infections. The prevalence of transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors reflect the burden of diseases among particular population. The aim of this study is: 1. To estimate the prevalence of transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors in a rural tertiary care centre; 2. To analyse the trends of transfusion transmissible infections over study period. A total of 21,089 voluntary blood donors were studied. There were 20,356 male donors and 733 female donors with ratio of 28:1. The prevalence of HIV, HBV, HCV, Syphilis and Malaria was found to be 0.14%, 0.82%, 0.02%, 0.13% and 0.03% respectively. The prevalence of HBV was highest (0.82%) followed by HIV(0.14%). Our study also showed decrease in trends of HCV and Syphilis over study period. There was strong association of transfusion transmissible infections among O positive blood group. The prevalence of transfusion transmissible infections has decreased over time, hence implementation of strict donor selection criteria and use of sensitive screening tests has lead to decrease in trends.
Highlights
Blood transfusion is a life saving modality in modern medical practice and is associated with complications which are seen in 1% of all transfusions, these include the most dreaded, risk of acquiring transfusion transmitted infections(TTI). 1In India, the main sources of blood for transfusion are voluntary donors and replacement donors.Voluntary donors were preferred over replacement donors. 2The magnitude of the transfusion transmitted infections varies from country to country depending on loads in that particular population
The Indian subcontinent is classified as an intermediate Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) endemic
Our study showed HBV to be most common TTI, this was in corcondance with previous studies by Raksha S et al, Vankadari S et al, 6 and Bhawani Y et al In Southern India, the HBV prevalence varies from 0.34 to 3.20%. 7 Studies from Karnataka shows 0.50%, 7 0.47% 20 seroprevalence
Summary
Blood transfusion is a life saving modality in modern medical practice and is associated with complications which are seen in 1% of all transfusions, these include the most dreaded, risk of acquiring transfusion transmitted infections(TTI). 1In India, the main sources of blood for transfusion are voluntary donors and replacement donors.Voluntary donors were preferred over replacement donors. 2The magnitude of the transfusion transmitted infections varies from country to country depending on loads in that particular population. 6. monitoring and understanding the magnitude of transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors is essential to assess the effectiveness of screening tests and directly reflect the epidemiology in the particular study population. This study is undertaken to assess the trends and prevalence of transfusion transmissible infections among voluntary blood donors. With the implementation of strict donor selection, effective and sensitive screening tests can ensure the least reduction risk of acquiring transfusion transmissible infections. The prevalence of transfusion transmissible infections among blood donors reflect the burden of diseases among particular population. To analyse the trends of transfusion transmissible infections over study period. Conclusion: The prevalence of transfusion transmissible infections has decreased over time, implementation of strict donor selection criteria and use of sensitive screening tests has lead to decrease in trends
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