Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem in the world. In Congo, studies on the prevalence of HBV infection are common but HDV infection is rare. Objective: Contribute to improve the management and prevention of HBV and HDV infections. Patients and Methods: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional study conducted from January to August 2016 in the health services of the various departments of Congo and at the national public health laboratory in Brazzaville. All patients with HBsAg surface antigen who were at least 18 years old and who consented to the study were included. The HBs antigen was first tested by a rapid test then confirmed by ELISA. All HBsAg positive patients were subsequently subjected to a second ELISA test for Delta antibody. The techniques of extraction and conventional and specific gene amplification were carried out on plasma for the identification of the genotypes of the two viruses. The data analysis was done with EpiInfo V7 software. The proportions were compared using the Chi-square test or the Fisher test at the significance level of 5%. Results: 1618 subjects were included, of whom 180 were positive for HBsAg, a frequency of 11.12%. The sex ratio (M/F) was 0.77%, the mean age was 40.2 ± 15.6 years with extremes ranging from 18 to 88 years. Of the 180 HBsAg positive, 22 were anti-VHD positive, a frequency of 12.22%. HBV DNA was amplified in 83.8% (151/180), HDV RNA in 63.6% (14/22). For HBV, three genotypes were identified: E (46.9%), A (43.7%) and D (9.4%), however for VHD three genotypes D1, D5, D8 were identified. Conclusion: Co-infection of hepatitis B and Delta viruses is common in Congo. The management and prevention of hepatitis B must take into account the reality of this co-infection.
Highlights
An estimated 350 million people are infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), 15 million with the hepatitis D virus (HDV) [1]
Hepatitis B virus DNA was detected in 83.8% (151/180) of patients with HbsAg
We found 14 (63.6%) HBsAg-positive patients out of 22 found positive for PCR, this finding highlights that serology alone is not sufficient to make the diagnosis of virus infection Hepatitis B and Delta
Summary
An estimated 350 million people are infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), 15 million with the hepatitis D virus (HDV) [1]. HDV infection can occur in two circumstances: simultaneous infection (co-infection) with both viruses or superinfection with HDV of a chronic carrier of HBV. The high frequency of viral hepatitis B, the predominance of primary liver cancers in the same population, and the high rate of HBsAg carriers in presumed healthy subjects [5] [6] [7] suggest a high prevalence of HDV in the general population. The co-infection of hepatitis B virus and Delta is poorly documented in Congo. It is with this in mind that we have done this work in order to characterize the molecular profile of viral hepatitis B viruses and viral hepatitis D to help improve patient care
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