Abstract
BackgroundHerpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV1 and HSV2) are infectious agents, and their association with cancer occurrence in human is a controversial topic for decades. We addressed this subject using all available continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cross-sectional data from 1999 to 2014.MethodsEight data cycles (1999–2000, 2001–2002, 2003–2004, 2005–2006, 2007–2008, 2009–2010, 2011–2012, and 2013–2014) were employed, and a sample of 8184 female participants was used in this study according to the availability of cancer history and HSV serostatus.ResultsThe seroprevalences of HSV1 and HSV2 were 60.73 ± 0.89 and 25.02 ± 0.64, respectively, and the numbers increased with age (P < 0.01). In confounder-adjusted logistic regression analysis, association between HSV1 seropositivity and uterine cancer was identified (adjusted odds ratio-ORadjusted = 6.03; 95% CI: 1.52, 23.87). HSV2 seropositivity was associated with cancer occurrence (ORadjusted = 1.47; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.14), cervical cancer (ORadjusted = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.79) and uterine cancer (ORadjusted = 3.49; 95% CI: 1.03, 11.85). Moreover, HSV2 was persistently associated with cervical cancer after further adjusting high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) as confounder (ORadjusted = 1.90; 95% CI: 1.09, 3.34). Relative risk (RR)-based interaction measurement between HSV2 and HPV on the additive scale suggests higher RR for cervical cancer in participants with seropositivity for HPV only (RRadjusted = 2.98; 95% CI: 1.23, 7.20; P = 0.02), HSV2 only (RRadjusted = 2.79; 95% CI: 1.31, 5.96; P = 0.01) or both viruses (RRadjusted = 3.44; 95% CI: 1.50, 7.86; P < 0.01) when setting participants with seronegativity for both HPV and HSV2 as reference.ConclusionsThe finding of current study provides epidemiological evidence that serostatus of HSV2 can serve as an independent predictor for cervical cancer.
Highlights
Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV1 and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV2)) are infectious agents, and their association with cancer occurrence in human is a controversial topic for decades
Participants aged below 50 years were included in our study due to availability of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) and HSV2 serostatus, leading to relatively young average age
About 17% of subjects came from low income families (PIR < 1), and 60% of the participants were overweight or obese reflected by body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kgm−2
Summary
Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV1 and HSV2) are infectious agents, and their association with cancer occurrence in human is a controversial topic for decades. We addressed this subject using all available continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cross-sectional data from 1999 to 2014. In the United States, the estimated cervical cancerrelated emerging cases and deaths are 12,990 and 4120, respectively, in 2016 [3]. It is of note that HSV1 can be a significant cause of genital herpes in individuals with oral-genital contact [7]
Published Version (Free)
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have