Abstract
The present study reports novel recyclable mesoporous magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles adsorbent using Citrus limetta peels biowaste extract via a green synthesis approach. The synthesized green nano-adsorbent was carbonized at 500˚C and fully characterized using diverse techniques. Using Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller's (BET) theory, the magnetite nano-adsorbent specific surface area was determined to be 81.28 m2/g, and the average pore diameter was within the mesoporous range. Magnetite nano-adsorbent ferromagnetism was validated by the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), which measured magnetic saturation (Ms) at 49.40 emu/g. Mesoporous magnetite nano-adsorbent's Cd (II) adsorption applicability was thoroughly investigated in batch experiments using an aqueous solution. Further, modeling studies were carried out, and Langmuir and Pseudo-second-order models were found to be more suitable than others for Cd (II) adsorption reactions. The Langmuir isotherm revealed that the mesoporous magnetite has maximum monolayer adsorption of 48.54 mg/g. The kinetic correlation coefficient (R2=0.999 for 30 mg/L) of the Pseudo-second-order model indicates that the Cd (II) adsorption onto magnetite was dominated by chemisorption. The thermodynamics tests confirmed that adsorption was favorable and endothermic and that the adsorption capacity of Cd (II) slightly increased at higher temperatures. In addition, up to five ad-desorption cycles, the Cd (II) sequestration of magnetite was 72.09%, and eluent 0.01 M HCl desorbed 95.42% of Cd (II) from the nano-adsorbent surface, demonstrating enhanced recycling potential and cost-effectiveness. Moreover, the feasibility and cost-effectiveness study broaden their applicability as environment-friendly nano-adsorbents for Cd (II) sequestration from electroplating effluents.
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